Capitol is used almost always to refer to a building, specifically a building in which a legislative body meets. The US Capitol is where the Senate and House of Representatives meet. Capitol Hill literally refers to the hill upon which that building sits, but we use it to refer to the general area of the Capitol Building.
This word first appeared in 1375 and is a reference to the temple of Jupiter, which was built on Capitoline Hill in Rome.Capital is used almost in every other case. Capital letters, state capitals (the city, as opposed to the state’s capitol building, which is located in the city), capital punishment.
Capital has a different root than its counterpart, capitol. It comes from the Latin word “caput", which means head or money paid out.
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